New projects under the Scottish joint industry science partnership (SISP) are looking at survey gear performance with respect to cod and other gadoids, utility of existing closed areas for the protection of cod and collection of fishermen's knowledge on the distribution of spawning areas and juvenile grounds. As part of the SISP, FRS in partnership with the Scottish White Fish Producers Association, initiated a project in 2007 assessing the effectiveness of the Windsock closed area (VIa) on cod stocks. A survey of the area using a chartered commercial fishing vessel took place in March 2008. Analysis of the data is in progress.
FRS, in collaboration with NRC Europe, is currently carrying out research on the effects of predation by seals on the cod population to the west of Scotland.
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- Informations clés sur la pêche
- Biologie
- State of stocks
- Gestion
- Développements scientifiques en L'Ecosse
Les cabillauds atteignent leur maturité à l'âge de deux ans et enregistrent 50% de maturité à l'âge de 3 ans. À l'âge de cinq ans, tous les cabillauds sont adultes. Une femelle adulte d'environ 80 cm peut produire environ quatre millions d'œufs par saison. La reproduction a lieu entre février et mars, les plus grandes zones de reproduction se trouvant au nord de la mer du Nord et autour de Dogger Bank. La reproduction sur la côte ouest a lieu entre janvier et avril dans la plupart des zones de haute mer, avec un pic au mois de mars. La zone principale de reproduction s'étend au large des Hébrides extérieures bien qu'il existe d'autres zones importantes telles que la Clyde.
Le jeune cabillaud vit pendant quelques temps dans les eaux peu profondes avant de se déplacer vers les fonds marins en juillet et août. Ils se développent rapidement et peuvent atteindre 20 cm à l'âge d'un an, 50 cm à l'âge de deux ans et 80 cm à quatre ans. Dès l'âge de deux ans, les jeunes cabillauds sont complètement exploités par la pêche professionnelle car leur taille minimale de débarquement est de 35 cm. De nombreux cabillauds sont capturés avant qu'ils puissent se reproduire et moins d'un cabillaud sur 20 âgé d'un an, parvient à atteindre l'âge de quatre ans. Cela signifie que le stock fait l'objet d'une diminution constante de reproducteurs.
Les cabillauds ne parcourent généralement pas les fonds pour se nourrir, ils sont plutôt des mangeurs actifs. En poids, les poissons et les crustacés représentent environ les trois quarts de la nourriture, toutes tailles confondues, des cabillauds. Le reste est constitué de mollusques et de vers en petites quantités. Plus ils grandissent, plus ils se nourissent de poissons. Les cabillauds se nourrissent principalement de lançons, de tacauds norvégiens, de merlans, de harengs, de limandes et même de ses congénères.

Following the assessment in 2009, ICES classifies the North Sea stock as suffering reduced reproductive capacity and being harvested unsustainably. Spawning stock biomass has increased steadily since its historical low in 2006, but remains below Blim. Fishing mortality declined after 2000, but in 2008 increased, predominantly as a consequence of increased discarding and is currently estimated to be between Flim and Fpa. The 2005 year class is estimated to be one of the most abundant amongst the recent below-average year classes. The 2008 year class is estimated to be one of the lowest in the series.
Based on the 2009 assessment, ICES classifies the west of Scotland cod stock as suffering reduced reproductive capacity. Total mortality is high but cannot be accurately divided into fishing mortality and natural mortality. The spawning stock biomass has increased from an all time low in 2006, but remains well below Blim. Recruitment has been estimated to be low over the last decade. The 2005 year class is estimated to be the largest for that decade, but still below the long-term average.
The recovery plan adopts an approach set out in the Conservation Credits Scheme, pioneered by the Scottish sector in 2008, where kw day effort pots are allocated to member states, enabling them to administer their own effort in such a way that they reward sustainable fisheries. The effort will be adjusted annually to reflect the required reduction in mortality. Vessels that catch less than 5% cod and vessels that sign up to cod avoidance plans will be able to avoid these effort reductions. The effort pots will be based on the average effort deployed during 2004-2006 or 2005-2007 and member states can choose which reference period they prefer.
ICES continues to advise on exploitation of the North Sea and west of Scotland cod stocks in relation to precautionary limits, and recommends a zero catch in 2009.
| TAC |
EU TAC |
UK share |
|
| North Sea |
28,798 |
23,902 | 11,216 |
| West Coast |
302 |
302 |
182 |
New projects under the Scottish joint industry science partnership (SISP) are looking at survey gear performance with respect to cod and other gadoids, utility of existing closed areas for the protection of cod and collection of fishermen's knowledge on the distribution of spawning areas and juvenile grounds. As part of the SISP, FRS in partnership with the Scottish White Fish Producers Association, initiated a project in 2007 assessing the effectiveness of the Windsock closed area (VIa) on cod stocks. A survey of the area using a chartered commercial fishing vessel took place in March 2008. Analysis of the data is in progress.
FRS, in collaboration with NRC Europe, is currently carrying out research on the effects of predation by seals on the cod population to the west of Scotland.


















